Servant Leadership Transformational And Transactional Theories Management Essay

servant leading Trans reverberateational And Transactional Theories forethought Essayexecutive summary Purpose of this study is to take care the similarities of Servant drawing cards, transformational and transactional theories and also examine the Contri thation those theories make to the dread of leading.Introduction leadinghiphip has a major(ip) share in 21st century in all sectors. hither I am going to discuss about understanding of what lead is, is there any similarities among three theorists on what fine or of import drawship ought to be. Expectation, in the 21st hundred attractor should be moral, complaisant and ethical responsible.What is lead? leading is a act upon of influencing the people to recover the desired goal. thither are many authors giving several(predicate) definition. Goleman (2000) A leading singular job is to get results.House et al (2004) lead is the ability to motivate, influence and enable individualsTo contribute to the objectives of organizations of which they are members. Stogdill (1974) leaders is an influencing process aimed at goal winment. Johns T (2008) says A leader takes people where they essential to go. A great leader takes people where they dont necessarily want to be, but ought to be.There are a number of types of lead who adopt contrastive leading styles fit to Richard Bolden (2004), Different leadership theories were revealed and classified. And also only few leadership theories reached to people. They are Great Man Trait Contingency Situational Behavioral Participative Management ( transactional leadership theory ) Relationship (transformation , handmaid and team leadership) Now I am going to discuss about transformational, transactional and servant leadership.T ransformational leadership James Macgregor burn was the first person who forward concept of transformingLeadership. Burns (1978) states, Transforming leadership as a process where leaders and pursual stick out one another to elevateder(prenominal) levels of morality and motif(p.20). Transforming leadership can effect in a relationship of mutual Stimulation and elevation that converts pursuit into leaders and may convert Leaders into moral agents(p. 4) and then cryptic b.m was developed the transformation leadership. Bass (1996), Transformational headship happens when a Leader encourage pursual to share a vision, allowing them to gain the vision, and providing the opportunity to develop their individual potential. set (1992) says, The goal of transformational leadership is to transform people and organizations in a verbal sense, to change them in mind and heart enlarge vision, insight and understanding clarify purposes Make fashion congruent with beliefs, principles, or values and re piss about changes that are permanent, self-perpetuating, and momentum building(p.287).Transformational leaders serve as role models , and also (Kelly, 2003) mentioning about how transformational leadership motivat es its pursual by following Maslows hierarchy. Transformational leader raise people from low levels of need (food, water, etc) to higher levels (self actualization).Components of transformational leadership quad common Is are,1. Idealized influence (II)Transformational leaders behave in elans that result in their being role models for their followers. The leaders are admired, respected, and effronteryed.2.Inspirational motivation .(IM)Transformational leaders act in ways that inspire and encourage those virtually them by providing sense able and challenge to their followers, work. Team spirit is aroused. The leader gives displace information about mission, vision and expectations that followers want to stomach and also show dedicationtowards goals and the shared long term plan.3. Intellectual stimulation. (IS)Leaders encourage their followers hard work to be inventive and new, fresh by questing assumptions, reframing the troubles, and memory accessing mature moorages i n new or different ways. Creativity is encouraged. Followers are encouraged to try new approach and are not criticized because they differ from leaders idea. 4. Individualized friendship .(IC)Transformational leaders pay special focus to each individuals postulate and to help them achieve their higher level needs. Trace over individual talents. Being a coacher and mentor to his followers and colleagues are developed to consecutively higher levels of potential. root word (Kelly, 2003)Characteristics of transformational leader According to (Tichy and Devanna, 1986), they have seven characteristics to inspire their followers to achieve beyond the expectation.They visibly see themselves as change agentsThey are undismayedThey believe in peopleThey are driven by a strong set of valuesThey are life-long learnersThey can cope with complexity, incertitude and ambiguityThey are visionariesExample of successful transformation leadership There are many leaders succeed in the way transfor mational leadership qualities. Mahatma Gandhi is Transformational leader representing charismatic qualities. Lou Gerstner is a transformational leader retired Chairman and CEO of IBM (1993 to 2002). He entered in IBM when it was in $8.1 billion loss in 1993 after recognizing the companys paradox are wrong validation, only looking for results and values. IBM had become small-minded and nonflexible (Sheppard, 2002). Lou Gerstner on the altogether transformed organizational culture. For example, shut down in storied IBMs dress tag to reproduce better the clothing of their customers (Sheppard, 2002). Another example for transformational leader is lee(prenominal) Iacocca , who is accredited with saving the Chrysler Corporation (1980-1992). Chrysler Corporation when it was on the edge of bankruptcy. He taken responsibility and he set about transforming the principles to his contiguous subordinates. He began to restructure the corporations culture. Because a transformational leader gi ves confidence to others to become transformational leaders, soon the whole organization was packed with successful leaders (Kelly, 2003).Transactional leadership Transactional leadership emphasizes accessible transaction or exchange between followers and a leader that involves involves a number of minutes based on give back. The transactional leader makes clear what he want, Performance expectations, goals, link between goals and rewards. The leader also watches followers practiceance And if any mistakes occurring towards the goal, the leader appear to correct (Burns 1978). In practice, these leaders use more closed and leading questions (Randell, 1997). Components of transactional leadership (Bass Avolio, 1994)1. Contingent rewards It refers to a prearranged agreement If you do as we agreed then it specifies expectation and sets goals.2. b put on the line management-by-exception It refers to behavior where the leader is actively monitoring a follower I am seeing to it t hat you (do not) the leader is strongly supervising and has specified disciplinal actions for mistakes.3. Passive management-by-exception It occurs when the leader is passively monitoring a follower If I happen to notice that you (did not) the leader takes corrective action in the reference of mistakes if these are found out. All these behaviors work on the principles of expectancy of reward and fear of punishment , related to needs that are lower on Maslows hierarchyCharacteristics of transactional leadership according to Marcbowles (2003), They setting a clear goal. They create targets for each individual and the team They spot performance gaps. They wont trust their followers, they monitor their performance. They take corrective actions when necessary. They gaining pledge to performance and tasks through pay, reward, detainment and honor.Example of successful transactional leadership Transactional leadership is mostly follow by managers and CEO in many organizations in 21st century. Ezine (2010) mentioning about Steve Jobs chairwoman and CEO Apple inc.he got award best CEO OF 2009 by TIMES. Heis the famous transactional leader. Steve Jobs was famous for his down to world and job oriented nature of his leadership in apple computer. http//ezinearticles.com/?Leadership-StylesTransactional-Leadershipid=4262945Servant leadership Servant leadership sights a leader as a servant. Servant leadership was developed by green leaf in 1970, he said that The servant-leader is servant first. It begins with the essential emotion or feelings that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then mindful resource brings one to aspire to lead. Such a person is sharply different from one who is Leader first, perhaps because of the need to assuage an unusual force drive or to acquire material possessions. (Greenleaf et al, 1998).Katzenbach and Smith (1993) highlights The splendour of leaders knowing when to follow The importance of the leader acting as accessary person to th eir followers to achieve task rather than just directing. They declare oneself that the leader should ask questions rather than giving answers provide opportunities for others to lead them Components of servant leadership According to (Laub, 1999) cited in (Smith et al, 2004), Servant leadership has six intelligible components Respecting people Rising people Building society Displaying legitimacy pass leadership shared leadershipCharacteristics of servant leadership They Serve others needs before their needs They believe in people They are precise simple and caring personalities They Provide opportunities to learn and grow They create knockout interpersonal relationships divide power and release control divide placement and promote othersExample of Successful servant leadership Maxwell j (2007) add the new law in The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership Leaders Add Value by Serving Others, he set forth about serving others ,can make huge values(profit) in the organization. Adding Profits by Adding Value Costcos CEO, Jim Sinegal , believes the success of Costco comes from treating his employees well.Transactional versus Transformational leadership According to Bass (1985) transactional leader motivates subordinates by exchanging rewards for services provided. Transactional Leader generally focused on goal. Leader has been gaining promise to performance and goals through pay, reward, recognition and praise. Transformational leaders, on the other hand, motivate subordinates to perform beyond expectations.. Bass argued that much(prenominal) performance cannot be achieved through transactional leadership alone.A Comparison of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Leithwood and Jantzi (2000) end that transactional leader more by and large apply teleological principles (teleology is the study of goals, ends and purposes.) Where as transformational leaders deploy deontological ethics.Servant Leadership versus Transactional Leadership Servant leade rship and transactional leadership are perspicuous in a number of ways. Servant leaders emphasize activities that fans of well-being, age transactional leaders focus on the activities of routine maintenance and resource parceling followers of monitoring and management to achieve organizational goals. Contrary to the head servants who influence followers through personal development and empowerment, the transactional leader influences followers through the use of rewards, sanctions, and formal authority and position to induce behavior consistent. According to Blanchard and Johnson (1985), transactional leaders create strong expectations about the behavior of employees, as well as clear guidance on employees receive rewards for meet the expectations of transactional leader.Li Thus, leaders use transactional contingent reward behavior to implement transactions with followers to achieve work goals (Bass, 1985).Servant Leadership versus Transactional Leadership According to the sto ne and his colleague point of view servant leadership and transformational leadership, both(prenominal) models incorporate characteristics such as value, vision, power, molding, belief, honesty, and designation (Stone et al., 2003).Transformational leadership and servant leadership have similar qualities such as individualized appreciation and consideration of followers.A Comparative Model Servant a nd Transformational Leadership The Servant Leader model , the leaders motivation to lead occurs from a fundamental attitude of social matchity. The servant leaders system believes that He or she is no better than those headed. The All associates of the organization have equal privileges to vision, value, and information. The leaders role is to make easy the appearance of a association within the organization. According to (Laub, 1999), the anchor inventiveness for Servant leadership is importance of people, rising people, structuring community, displaying legitimacy and sharing manag ement. Possible impacts of these drivers could be higher capable people, more moral people, better negotiator, well-built interpersonal relationships, establishment of shared visions, and clear tasks. It is discussed here that these results in combination with the leader initiatives that produce them to form a spiritual generative culture.T ransformational leader model , the key initiatives for the transformational leader is II or charisma behavior, IM, IS and IC. These Components lead to role modeling, high moral standards, caring about others needs requirements, communication of hope, shared visions, innovations, risk taking, and quizzical of practices and systems.Servant leadership tends to develop a more touch on method to the exterior environment than transformational leadership. The transformational leaders motivation is aimed at for more toward achieving targets for the organization, which will reveal on his/her capabilities, and the success of these leaders is calculated by the level to which they acquire organizational rewards. The Servant leaders motivation is mainly focus on its follower the personal growth, thus the servant leaders achievement is calculated by the level to which the follower moves on the way to self actualization.CONCLUSION Leadership is attitude not a role. Leadership in Leadership, It seems, is increasingly becoming the universal remedy of the 21st Century and its emphasis is turning towards the moral, social and ethical responsibilities of leaders. Transformational leadership is suitable for can-do organization and servant leadership suitable for static organization such as church, non-profit organization, non-government organization. Most of leader using transactional leadership theory era they using transformational leadership. There is nothing as practical as a good theory (Lewin, 1935). So Todays leaders need to be adept in change management to adopt in any situation CHRISTINA OSBORNE (2008).