Genetic Engineering Major Advancement or Major Setback...

As the Biochemist Isaac Asimov once said, The advancement of Genetic Engineering makes it quite conceivable that we will design our own evolutionary progress.† Scientists have always thought about new ways to progress through technology in this era, and in 1946, scientists discovered that Genetic material from different viruses can be combined to form a new type of virus. This was a major discovery that trickles down to the modern era of Genetics. Current scientists have pioneered new ways to decode human DNA, beating the $3 billion government-run Genome project to its goal. Many people say that this method of life will go against the natural force of nature, but Genetic Engineering should be allowed because of the advances of technology†¦show more content†¦This is true because even though Genetic Engineering might have risks, it will still benefit us by technology, sources of food, and medicine. Even if there is negative effects, Genetic Engineering brings many advan cements in research and technology. For centuries, scientists have been trying to decode the mysteries of human DNA, and now with that decoded, people can start studying how the inner mechanisms work. According to Wikipedia, many experiments such as expression studies can be carried out. Experiments are important because it allows a scientist to investigate what receptive molecules process information from a gene and where it will travel. Observing where and when proteins start to grow, and finding its production and growth makes this possible. And not only that, expression studies can also be used to identify bugs, or other infections in the human system. Not only will it help human bodies, advancements in Genetic Engineering can help fix the deterioration of the natural world. â€Å"†¦genetically engineered bacteria being investigated involve making the bacteria perform tasks outside their natural cycle, such as cleaning up oil spills, carbon, and other toxic waste† (W ikipedia). This could practically solve toxic waste problems, because bacteria will multiply very fast, and if all of them will be programmed to clean up toxic waste, then there won’t be any left. Because humans are naturally curious, manyShow MoreRelatedGene Therapy Research Paper1326 Words   |  5 Pagesmissing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders. 1 During the 1960’s and early 70’s the actual concept of what is now known to be gene therapy arose. Many new practices including the development of genetically marked cell lines and the delineation of cells transformation by the papaovaviruses polyoma were in the works. Cloned genes became a product of this new DNA technique and were used to prove that foreign genes could actually correct genetic disorders.2 This new technology in the medicalRead MoreIdentify the Potential Impact of Genetic Engineering on the Future Course of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv)2074 Words   |  9 Pageswith the advancements of the computer revolution, came the rise in the genetic revolution – a revolution that will indefinitely do for life what computing did for information. During this modernized age, we are on the brink of being able to transform, manipulate, and create organisms for any number of productive purposes. â€Å"From medicine, to agriculture, to construction and even computing, we are within reach of an age when manipulating the genetic codes of various organisms, or engineering entirelyRead MoreGenetically Modified Food and Crops1792 Words   |  8 Pagesconsidered out of the ordinary ten to fifteen years ago. But now it is one of the most important factors in the decision on whether or not a consumer will buy the product. In all the research I conducted there was never a proven harmful effect from genetic engineering. However, the benefits are scientifically proven which gives genetically modified crops the advantage over traditional farming. The proposed ideas an d research by scientist show that a lot more can be done with GM food other than eating it.Read More The Pros and Cons of Gene Alteration Essay2344 Words   |  10 Pagesboy (Kantrowitz, 2001, p. 51). There are thousands of these home remedies that people actually swear by. The truth about these home remedies, is that they probably dont work. If they did then every one would have their desired baby. With the advancement in todays technology, however people will no longer have to engage in these silly myths. Definition Gene alteration is a term doctors use meaning the alteration of genes for a variety of different reasons. This method enables the parentsRead MoreMechanisms of Neuronal Repair Following Nerve Damage2370 Words   |  10 Pagessheaths that surround the axons of neurons. These sheaths are produced by Schwann cells and other glial cells. When a neuron is damaged, a communicative circuit is compromised and essential signals cannot be transmitted throughout the body. A major site of injury that puts many essential neurons at risk is the spinal cord, which contains many neurons essential for proper motor functionality. The spinal cord is made up of nervous tissue within spinal vertebrae. The spinal cord receives sensoryRead MoreThe Grand Challenge Of Engineering On Nitrogen Cycle Essay2835 Words   |  12 PagesThe Grand Challenge of Engineering on Nitrogen Cycle: Is it Ethical or Not? Engineers have revolutionized the world. Not one person, living or dead, has escaped the benefits of their works let alone the animals, or microorganisms, or basically everything that constitutes the physical world. They have made life easier and provided other professionals the tools necessary to discover and better understand existence. They found ways of breaking into another dimension of any known discipline and haveRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pages.Olivier Boureau Jason Bohle 97 99 101 104 106 V. three accomplishments Anonymous Anonymous Martin Brand Anonymous Anonymous Scott Griffin Daniel Lewis 113 117 121 124 128 132 136 vi Contents Dale Schilling Erik Johnson 140 143 Vi. setback or failUre Chris Withers Eugenia Gibbons John Richard Craig Ellis Irfhan Rawji Thomson Nguy Anonymous Jordan Burton 150 152 154 157 159 161 163 165 Vii. ethical issUes Anonymous PaulYeh Rye Barcott Anonymous Adam Heltzer Anonymous Anonymous 171Read MoreEntrepreneurship Process and Principles15897 Words   |  64 Pagesand form of ownership. 5) Completion of promotional formalities 6) Raising necessary funds 7) Purchasing machine and materials 8) Recruitment of people 9) Undertaking the business operations. Distinction between entrepreneur and a manager. The major points of distinction are below: Points Entrepreneur Manager 1.Motive The main motive of an entrepreneur is to start a venture by setting up an enterprise. But the main motive of a manager is to render his services in an enterprise at ready setupRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pageshowever, social theory is defined without reference to science because the social reality it describes is so overarching as to be unprovable. The social theories of modernity or anarchy might be two examples of this. However, social theories are a major part of the science of sociology. Objective science-based research can often provide support for explanations given by social theorists. Statistical research grounded in the scientific method, for instance, that finds a severe income disparity betweenRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCoca-Cola, Microsoft, and others are unique to this book and specifically to this edition. Of course, instructors also have access to Create (www.mcgraw-hillcreate. com), McGraw-Hill’s extensive content database, which includes thousands of cases from major sources such as Harvard Business School, Ivey, Darden, and NACRA case databases. Along with the new or updated â€Å"International Management in Action† boxed application examples within each chapter and other pedagogical features at the end of each chapter

Christianity And Its Relationship With Political Authority

Christianity and its relationship with political authority has changed over the course of the period we have studied this semester. There has been a lot of back and forth about the main religion in the countries we have studied, and predominantly in Rome. The main religion of a country is traced back to the religion of the political authority. Citizens looked up to their rulers, therefore convert to the religion of the authority. Initially, Romans viewed Christianity as a new sect of Judaism. Roman rulers did not like the religion of Christianity. By the end of the first century, the political authority viewed the religion as a dangerous superstition that was a threat to their civic order. Romans didn’t like the fact that Christians†¦show more content†¦Constantius’ reign and the Council of Nicea helped Rome in gaining more Christians since they were under the rule of a Christian ruler. This did not last long as a Pagan ruler followed. In 361, emperor Julian came into power and restored Paganism in the Roman Empire. Julian felt the need to restore Paganism. His goal was to rid Christians from the highest orders of government. He did not want any Christian judges so that no Christian laws would be passed. Julian targeted the wealthy Christians as he was not as concerned with the common people. He believed that if he could get Christians out of political power, people would convert back to Paganism. This time in history brought Pagan conversions and Pagan members of political authority. After Julian was killed in battle in 363, his successor came into power to restore Christianity. He passed laws that made worshipping Pagan gods punishable by death. Christianity went from the minority religion to the majority religion in fifty years due to converts in favor of the religion of their political leaders. Christian law remained unchanged until 382 because Rome was in a crisis. This was extremely influential in gaining Christi an converts. Christianity lost popularity for a little while after the fall of Rome. The Fall of Rome brought many crises to the empire and people were looking for a scapegoat. Pagans blamed Christians for the fall. Since Christianity had become soShow MoreRelatedComparison Of Roman Emperor Constantine And The Frankish Merovingian King Clovis1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmountains; this is exactly was these men did. They used people’s faith to aid them in obtaining authority over land. Throughout this essay I will recollect the Christian religion’s history in order to draw a correlation between the church and the state; moreover, how the forth mentioned men utilized their conversions to Christianity as means of manipulation to gain power and territory. In the dawn of Christianity, many were threatened by the conception of having a single omnipotent and omni-benevolentRead MoreEssay about The Postclassical World: Western Europe785 Words   |  4 Pagesadapt the advancements of other civilizations rather than creating its own. Yet because of their geographical position and lack of political unity, Western Europe was not required to be as advanced as the rest of the postclassical world. Instead, Western Europe was defined by a desire to emulate the Roman Empire, Christian authority, learning and philosophy and political and economical systems based on relations between different classes. Throughout the majority of the postclassical period in WesternRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Roman Empire866 Words   |  4 PagesFrom 1000 to 1300 western Europe went through political and economic reorganization. There was no revival of central imperial authority in western Europe, even though there was an establishment of the Holy Roman Empire. Agricultural improvements brought increased food supplies, which encouraged urbanization, manufacturing, and trade. In the high middle ages, Roman Catholic Christianity was the cultural foundation of European society. The church advanced educational institutions such as cathedralRead More Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Confucianism and Christianity The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the  ³virtue of humanity (Ching 68). ² To accomplish this divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by Read MoreWhat Was The Importance Of Charlemagnes Imperial Coronation?1735 Words   |  7 PagesLeo lll, and will discus the relationship between church and state, while looking at the concepts each party wanted Europe to adapt. Charles the Great was the oldest son of Peppin the Short who was the King of the Franks from 751 until his death (Griffin, 2004). Charles the Great and his brother Carloman ll shared the Kingdom of Francia until the death of Carloman ll in 771(Griffin, 2004). Charles the Great then went on to enlarge his empire and spread Christianity through military conquest againstRead MoreHow The Weight Of Authority Of The Scripture1603 Words   |  7 Pagesthoughts of the days. Each of the â€Å"movements† placed a different amount of weight on the authority of the scripture. Three of the movements that became prevalent in the modern church were the Evangelical Movement, the Liberal movement, and the neo-orthodox movement. Each of these movements each placed a different weight on how much authority they placed on the scriptures. It’s interesting to see how the weight of authority of the scriptures impacted how each of these theological groups lived out their faithRead More Christi anity Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesEurope, commonly known as The Middle Ages, economic reforms took place as well as social, political, and religious changes. One common theme throughout The Middle Ages consisted of the relationship between the Church and the State. The Catholic church during this era held a prominent role in society, and it had an abundant amount of power and authority during this time. The Catholic Church exercised its authority in many different stages, in which a response from the people occurred because of theRead MoreChristianity and Genocide in Rwanda800 Words   |  4 Pages Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda by Timothy Longman discusses the roles of the churches in Rwanda and how their influence might have been able to alter the outcome of the genocide. He discusses the rise of Juvenal Habyarimana in politics with his Catholic background, church and state relations, and obedience to political authority. His slogan â€Å"Peace, Unity, and Development† were his political plans for Rwanda. On April 6, 1994, president Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane was shot down marking the beginningRead MoreComparing Revelation On The Relationship Of Church And State1215 Words   |  5 PagesPaper 1: Comparing Revelation to Eusebius on the Relationship of Church and State After reading chapters twelve through thirteen and seventeen through nineteen from the book of Revelation, I have attained knowledge that allows me to see how the author of Revelation perceives the Roman Empire. From the beginning of chapter twelve it is clearly portrayed that the woman who is in the sky, about to give birth, is meant to symbolize Mary the mother of Jesus, or even Israel, the birthplace of Jesus. TheRead More Christianity and Liberalism by Gresham Machen-Machen Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesSeminary. Machen’s work in the 1920s was divided between his time at Princeton Seminary and his political work with Presbyterians. In addition to Christianity and Liberalism, Machen works are such as The Origin of Paul’s Religion, What is Faith, New testament Greek for Beginners, The Virgin Birth of Christ, The Christian Faith in the Modern World, and The Christian View of Man. In 1923, Christianity and Liberalism was first published in a middle of major controversy in a Presbyterian church over

Succession Planning in National Company

Question: Discuss about the Report for Succession Planning in National Company. Answer: Introduction This is the report that discusses on the succession planning of CHEP service centers in New Zealand. This report aims to identify the best business practice or model for CHEP New Zealand. In order to achieve the aim, the report progresses in a systematic manner. In the beginning, the report states about the background or history of CHEPs business. After that the report discusses about the business practices related to the human resource of CHEP in New Zealand and Australia respectively. Next, the report makes a comparison between the human resource progression of CHEP in these two countries and from that comparison, the report finds out the best business practice or model in respect to the succession planning for CHEP New Zealand. At the end of all discussion, a conclusion is made by summarizing the key findings of the report. Background information about CHEP CHEP is one of the leading pallet as well as container pooling service providers in the international market. The company started its business in the year of 1945. Presently, the company provides the pooling services for different industries like automotive, fresh food, consumer goods, manufacturing and aerospace. The company launched its business in Australia for the first time. After that it spread its business in different areas in the world. Presently, the company is having an employee base of more than 12500 people and a customer base of 500000 (Chep.com 2016). The recent reports on this company disclosed that the customers of the company belong from total 50 countries in this globe. The company has taken different strategies in order to attract the customers in different countries and in order to increase the sustainability. As per the recent data, the company has made $US3.7 billion by selling only the Pallets, $US0.3 billion by selling the containers and $US0.8 billion by selling the RPCs. In the recent past, the company has launched itself in the New Zealand market also (Chep.com 2016). Succession planning of CHEP in New Zealand CHEP is operating its business in New Zealand for more than 30 years. In New Zealand, the company is providing its services to the retail, manufacturing, food and beverage industries. The business of the company is mainly at Dunedin and Otago region in New Zealand. However, in the recent past, the company has started its business and established its new service centres in Sturdee Street, New Zealand. For this new service centres, the company has made a total investment of $4 million. At the same time, the management of the company also recruited best possible human resource in order to develop or improve the business performance than the past days (Yellow.co.nz. 2016). In the new project of CHEP, the company is trying to achieve a greater efficiency in customer services and due to that, it has built a warehouse of 1152 Sq. Mt. an office of 200 Sq. Mt and a canopy of 384 Sq. Mt (Chep.com 2016). In order to operate the business successfully, the management of the company has arranged for the employee or staff training programs. This type of staff training program helps the management to build a strong human resource team within the company. As the main aim of the business that is CHEP New Zealand is to bring more innovation and improvements in their business operations or services, the higher authority of the company has emphasized on the quality of staff members so that they can deal with the advanced business technology and they can handle the customers in best possible way. Veleva et al. (2015) stated that the business model of CHEP is based on providing the reusable packaging service solution to the customers. This type of business model is very much focused on the theme of business sustainability. According to Slawinski and Bansal (2015), the sustainability of the business is possible to achieve only when the company has a good human resource team those can operate and provide the best possible solution to the customers need. The main idea of the business of the company does not differ from country to country. Therefore, the business model of CHEP in New Zealand is also based on fulfilling the commitments towards the investors or business partner by being a supply chain partner that meets its responsibilities properly. Witjes et al. (2016) believed that in order to fulfill the commitments towards the investors and other stakeholders, the company has also focused in the top management team of it. The top management of the company is consists of the experienced people those can take right decision at the right time. On the other side, the new management team of the company has also planned for new way of selecting and recruiting people or employees. If the management style of the company is noticed then it can be identified that the management of CHEP New Zealand has focused on the participative management style. This style is one of the best management styles in todays business context (Network, S 2016). Innovation and sustainability is the primary theme of the business of CHEP New Zealand and in order to maintain its business model properly, the company is trying to invent a service that can achieve zero harm. In the words of Slawinski and Bansal (2015), in order to fulfill this mission or goal of the company, the company has emphasized on enhancing the ability of its human resource. It has been mentioned before in the study that the company or the management of the company has already started to provide the training to its employee regarding the use of new technologies. As per the 2012s business plan of CHEP, the company had a target of achieving 70% of Covenant signatories those considers the procedures and policies in order to procure the packaging by the use of SPGs or something equivalent to that. On the other side, the company also arranged for some employee recruitment programs or vacancy fulfillment programs like, recruiting fresher for the ground level works and the experienced people for the higher posts. In the higher posts, the management mainly emphasized on the existing people or old people of the company. The management has adopted the strategy of recruiting in the higher level people by taking the internal tests from the allegeable existing employees of the company (Chep.com. 2016). In case of the employees or people of CHEP in New Zealand, the company is strictly on the safety issue at the workplace. The company has taken the Helping Hand strategy or program in order to provide more facilities to its employees as well as to the people in the communities. As per the information available in the journals, the company invests total $100000 in each year to this Helping Hand project. However, the company makes this investment along with Brambles group (Network, S 2016). Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that company that is CHEP New Zealand is having an effective succession plan for the future growth of the business. However, the effectiveness of the new strategies applied by the company for succession planning will be identified in future. Succession planning of CHEP in Australia It has been stated above that CHEP started its business in Australia for the first time and so it is Australia based company that is operating its business for more than 50 years. The business model that the company follows in Australia is more developed than the business models of the company in the other countries. In Australia, the company has taken different succession strategies in order to develop and improve the quality of the human resource department of it (Chep.com. 2016). The strategies taken by the company in order to recruit and motivate the human resource are stated as under: The first strategy that the company or the management of the company has taken is proper training session in every three months or in quarterly basis. These training sessions are mainly arranged in order to influence the people of the organization towards achieving the overall goal of the company (Slawinski and Bansal 2015). After the completion of each training session, the management of the company arranges for some written tests, which indicates the success of training. The next step or strategy taken by the company is related to the recruitment of the people or employees. In case of CHEP Australia, the management of the company has emphasized on the new people or the fresher along with the experienced and own people for the higher position within the company. The main reason behind this type of strategy is that the management believes the new people can bring new ideas within the business (Solutions.chep.com 2016). On the other side, the management of the company that is CHEP Australia has recruited the new or fresher people because they believe that the new people will have more physical strengths to work for the company. At the same time, the CHEP Australia has focused on the external fresher recruitment because if they recruit the fresher from the external sources for any higher post then the company has to pay less. However, on the other side, if they recruit internally that is from the internal employees, then the company needs to promote the people, which will cause in salary increment to the employees, which will increase the overall cost of the company (Solutions.chep.com 2016). Apart from these, the succession planning of CHEP Australia also focused on the recruitment of the specialized people only. According to the higher management of the company, though the company needs to pay more to the specialized people, the benefits that the company gets from them are much higher. On the other side, the company has to expend less money or cost in order to train the people those are already trained or experienced. The experienced people at the same time need less guidance and time to solve an issue or to complete a task (Chep.com 2016). As per the report available regarding the succession planning of CHEP Australia, it can be said that the company has emphasized on the group work. The management of the company believed that the talent of the individual employee can be developed by the working within the group. At the time of working in a group, the employees get the chance to adopt the talent of the other people and in that way they can improve their knowledge and skills also. The management of the company has also focused on providing extra facilities to the employees (Chep.com 2016). Lastly, the management of CHEP Australia has also taken different policies or strategies for the succession planning of the company. The higher authority of the company has emphasized on the communication factor between the employees. According to the management of the company that is CHEP Australia, better communication between the employees helps to solve the problems in better or effective manner (Chep.com 2016). Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that the succession planning of the company both in Australia and New Zealand has some unique features and ability to improve the performance of the company in a better manner. However, as the company is operating its business in Australia for many years, the succession planning is also much developed in Australia than that of New Zealand. The comparison between the succession planning of CHEP Australia and CHEP New Zealand is shown below: Comparison between the succession planning of CHEP in New Zealand and Australia In the above, it has been identified that the succession planning of CHEP both in Australia and New Zealand are focused mainly on the sustainability and future development of the business. However, if the comparison of these two is made, then it can be easily said that the succession planning that the company is following in Australia is much developed than that of the business practices of the company in New Zealand. The succession planning or succession strategies that CHEP has adopted in Australia are much specific and effective than that of in New Zealand. In Australia, the company has taken several strategies for the better recruitment and to develop better human resource team for the company. In Australia, the company that is CHEP has focused on both the recruitment of the fresher or new people as well as the experienced people. However, in case of CHEP New Zealand, the management of the company mainly focused on the recruitment of the experienced people. Though this strategy is also good because the experienced people can handle the business operations or situation in better manner, the recruitment of fresher can provide unique ideas to the company (Witjes et al. 2016). The company has made a huge investment in New Zealand in order to recruit better people in the company. In this context, it can be said that if the company increases the investment in Australia also, then it can achieve more success in Australia. However, on the other side, in case of CHEP Australia, the management of the company has focused more on the group activities in order to develop the talent of the employees. However, in case of CHEP New Zealand no such strategy has been taken. There the management still believes in the training of the people. In this context it can be said that there is a common point between the succession planning of Australia and New Zealand and that is the training programs in order to improve the quality of the human resource of the company (Solutions.chep.com 2016). Apart from these, the management of both that are CHEP Australia and CHEP New Zealand both have focused on providing special facilities to the employees. This is another good part of the company (Solutions.chep.com 2016). On the other side, if the comparison is made in respect to the succession planning of the company in the two countries, then it can be identified that CHEP Australia has focused on the communication between the employees, which is not that much focused in New Zealand. However, it has to be said that in both the countries the managements are trying their best to develop better succession planning. Though some improvements are needed in CHEP New Zealands succession planning. Recommendation for the best Succession planning of CHEP in New Zealand After discussing about the Succession planning of CHEP in the countries like New Zealand and Australia, it can be said that the company needs to improve its succession planning in New Zealand. The strategies that the company can take for improving the succession planning are as under: CHEP New Zealand must take separate strategy in order to train the experienced and new people of the company. This will help the company to train the new people in the better ay. At the same time, the company must also provide some training session to the new people along with the experienced people in order to influence the new people. The company should focus on recruiting the new or fresher people also along with the experienced people. This will help the company to get new or unique ideas of the new brain. The company needs to focus on the communication between the employees and the group activities. This will help the company to improve talent of the employees. Therefore, with the help of the above steps, the CHEP New Zealand can implement the best possible business model for the future success of the company. Conclusion In this assignment, it has been identified that CHEP is one of the leading pallet and container pooling service provider in the international market. The business along with the succession planning of the company is much developed in Australia than New Zealand. One of the big reasons of this is that the business of the company in Australia is much older than that is in New Zealand. The company has taken some new strategies in order to develop better succession planning for the future. However, the company can improve its succession planning by following the ideas that are followed by the management in Australia. Reference List: Chep.com. 2016. CHEP - Pallets | Containers | Crates. [online] Available at: https://www.chep.com/ [Accessed 17 May 2016]. Khoja, F., Adams, J. and Kauffman, R.G., 2016. SUPPLY CHAIN SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT IN SMALL BUSINESS: MYTH OR REALITY.2015-2016 OFFICERS President President-Elect Program Chair Program Chair-Elect, p.474. Network, S. 2016. Reshaping profit - Sustainable Business Network. [online] Sustainable.org.nz. Available at: https://sustainable.org.nz/ [Accessed 17 May 2016]. Slawinski, N. and Bansal, P., 2015. Short on time: intertemporal tensions in business sustainability.Organization Science,26(2), pp.531-549. Solutions.chep.com. 2016. CHEP Supply Chain Solutions Platforms | Pallet Rental Pooling, Recycled Pallets. [online] Available at: https://solutions.chep.com [Accessed 17 May 2016]. Veleva, V., Todorova, S., Lowitt, P., Angus, N. and Neely, D., 2015. Understanding and addressing business needs and sustainability challenges: lessons from Devens eco-industrial park.Journal of Cleaner Production,87, pp.375-384. Witjes, S., Vermeulen, W.J. and Cramer, J.M., 2016. Exploring corporate sustainability integration into business activities. Experiences from 18 small and medium sized enterprises in the Netherlands.Journal of Cleaner Production. Yellow.co.nz. 2016. Yellow pages - NZ Local Business Directory - Yellow New Zealand. [online] Available at: https://yellow.co.nz [Accessed 17 May 2016].

The Hundred Years free essay sample

# 8217 ; War Essay, Research Paper The Hundred Years War was a long, complicated war with it? s roots in political battles, the privation of Kings and the people of their states to spread out district, and to take district that they believe is theirs. This war lasted more than a century, from 1337-1453, and was a really a series of wars broken merely temporarily by pacts doomed to neglect. The English male monarch controlled much of France, peculiarly in the fertile South. These lands had come under control of the English when Eleanor of Aquitaine, inheritress to the part, married King Henry II of England in the mid-12th century. There was changeless spat along the French-English frontier, and the Gallic male monarchs ever had to fright an English invasion from the South. Between Flanders in the North and the English in the South, they were caught in between the two English settlements. The Gallic responded by making the same to the English. They allied with the Scots in an agreement that persisted good into the eighteenth century. Thus the English faced the Gallic from the South and the Scottishs from the North. The Gallic trap would merely work if the French could occupy England across the English Channel. Besides, England could back up their Flemish Alliess merely if they could direct assistance across the North Sea, and, furthermore, English trade was dependent upon the free flow of naval traffic through the Channel. Consequently, the Gallic continually tried to derive the upper manus at sea, and the English invariably resisted them. Both sides commissioned what would hold been plagiarists if they had non been runing with royal permission to feed upon each other # 8217 ; s transportation, and there were frequent naval clangs in those constricted Waterss. The last boy of King Philip IV, the carnival, died in 1328, and the direct male line of the Capetians eventually ended after about 350 old ages. Philip had had a girl, nevertheless. This girl, Isabelle, had married King Edward II of England, but her and a group of barons had murdered him, because they thought he was unqualified. So, Edward III their boy was declared male monarch of England. He was hence Philip # 8217 ; s grandson and replacement in a direct line through Philip # 8217 ; s girl. The French could non digest the thought that Edward might go King of France, and Gallic attorneies brought up some old Salic Laws, which stated that belongings, including the throne, could non fall through a female. The Gallic so gave the Crown to Philip of Valois, a nephew of Philip IV. Nevertheless, Edward III had a valid claim to the throne of France if he wished to prosecute it. Although France was the most thickly settled state in Western Europe and besides the wealthiest, England had a strong cardinal authorities, many veterans of difficult contending on England # 8217 ; s Welsh and Scots boundary lines, every bit good as in Ireland, a booming economic system, and a popular male monarch. Edward was disposed to contend France, and his topics were more than ready to back up their immature male monarch who was merely 18 old ages old at the clip. Besides many went to? booty and plunder the carnival and ample land of France. ? 1 The war genuinely started in 1340. The Gallic had assembled a great fleet to back up an ground forces with which they intended to oppress all opposition in Flanders. When the ships had anchored in a heavy battalion at Sluys in modern Netherlands, the English attacked and destroyed it with fire ships and triumph in a conflict fought across the anchored ships, about like a land conflict on a wooden battleground. The English now had control of the Channel and North Sea. They were safe from Gallic invasion, could assail France at will, and could anticipate that the war would be fought on Gallic dirt and therefore at Gallic disbursal. ? A three twelvemonth armistice was signed by England and France in 1343, but in 1345 Edward once more invaded northern France1. ? The Black Death had arrived, and his ground forces was weakened by illness. As the English force tried to do its manner safely to strengthen Channel port, the Gallic attempted to coerce them into a conflict. The English were eventually pinned against the seashore by a much superior Gallic ground forces at a topographic point called Crecy. Edward # 8217 ; s ground forces was a combined force: bowmans, pikemen, visible radiation foot, and horse ; the Gallic, by contrast, clung to their antique feudal horse and used the powerful, but slow fire crossbow. The English had bowmans utilizing the longbow, a arm with great penetra ting power that could sometimes kill armoured knights, and frequently the Equus caballuss on which they rode. Besides, the longbow could fire three of its pointers to the crossbow? s one in the same sum of clip. As a ensue the Gallic knights were unhorsed by a blinding shower of pointers. The conflict was a catastrophe for the Gallic. The English took up place on the crest of a hill, and the Gallic horse tried to sit up the incline to acquire at their oppositions. The long ascent up boggy land tired and slowed the Gallic Equus caballuss, giving the English bowmans and pes soldiers ample chance to bring mayhem in the Gallic ranks. Those few Gallic who reached the crest of the hill found themselves faced with rude, but effectual, barriers, and, as they tried to retreat, they were attacked by the little but fresh English force of mounted knights. Another interesting thing about this conflict, was that for the first clip the cannon was used. Therefore presenting heavy weapon to war in the west.9+ As the war dragged on, the English were easy forced back. They had less Gallic land to back up their war attempt as they did so, and the war became more expensive for them. This caused struggles at place, such as the Peasants # 8217 ; Revolt of 1381 and the beginning of civil wars. However, in the reign of Henry V, the English took the violative one time once more. At Agincourt, non far from Crecy, the Gallic relapsed into their old tactics of feudal warfare one time once more, and were once more disastrously defeated in 1415 at the Battle of Agincourt. Durring this conflict? Gallic casualties totaled about 5000 work forces. English loses numbered fewer than 200 men.1? The English recovered much of the land they had lost, and a new peace was based upon Henry # 8217 ; s matrimony to the Gallic princess Katherine. In the undermentioned old ages, the Gallic developed a sense of national individuality, as illustrated by Joan of Arc, a peasant miss who is said to hold played a major portion in the English withdrawing from their besieging on Orleans, and 10 yearss subsequently, Charles VII being crowned male monarch at Reims. These two things were the true tuning points in the war. The Gallic now had a greater integrity, and the Gallic male monarch was able to field monolithic ground forcess on much the same theoretical account as the British. In add-on, nevertheless, the Gallic authorities began to appreciate the # 8220 ; modern # 8221 ; manner of warfare, and new military commanding officers, such as Bertran du Guesclin, began to utilize guerrilla and # 8220 ; little war # 8221 ; tactics of combat. This war marked the terminal of English efforts to command Continental district and the beginning of its accent upon maritime domination. By Henry V # 8217 ; s matrimony into the House of Valois, an familial strain of mental upset was introduced into the English royal household. There were great progresss in military engineering and scientific discipline during the period, and the military value of the feudal knight was exhaustively discredited. The order of knighthood went down combat, nevertheless, in a moving ridge of civil wars that racked the states of Western Europe. The European states began to set up professional standing ground forcess and to develop the modern province necessary to keep such forces. In both of these states the thought of Nationalism, which is a feeling of integrity and individuality that binds together a people who speak the same linguistic communication, have common lineage and imposts, and live in the same country, spread durring the war. ? By the late center ages, a vague loyaltyto a peculiar dynasty might hold been created, and in a sense, derived from the Hundred Old ages? War of being differeent from other people.1? There was no true victor of this war. Both sides suffered terrible losingss. Even for England when none of the war was fought in England. The cost for them was an astonishing sum of more than five million lbs. The monetary value, although non as much in dollars, may hold been even greater. The English had laid waste to 100s of 1000s of estates of rich farm land, go forthing the rural economic system, and many parts of Franch in shambles. Monetary value, Roger, A Concise History of France, Cambridge Concise Histories, New York, New York, 1993. Schama, Simon, Citizens, Alfred A. Knopf Inc. , New York, New York, 1989 Schom, Alan, One Hundred Days, Maxwell Macmillan International, New York, New York, 1992 Barnie, J. , War in Medieval English Society: Socail Valuess and the Hundred Old ages? War, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1974