Question: How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Essay

How the concentration of red-hot (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)?Chemicals needed1- Phenolphthalein (color indicator).2- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration of 0.5 molar.3- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), with unknown concentration.Equipments needed1- Flask.2- Pipette (uncertainty 0.05cm3).3- Burette (uncertainty 0.05cm3).4- PH meter.5- Gloves, lab surface and plastic eye protection.Steps1- Add a known quite a little of HCl using pipette in the flaskful.2- Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein in the flask using the pipette.3- Shake the flask until the color changes to red.4- Start to add NaOH on the HCl, drop by drop.5- After each(prenominal) drop shake the flask to accomplish the mixing of the acid with the base.6- Take readings of PH cherish using the PH meter, after each drop.7- When HCl color turns to blue, immediately stop adding NaOH, this charges the neutralization reaction point.8- To be sure that HCl is neutralized add few drops of NaOH on HCl.9- ab sorb the experiment to obtain more accurate data.Data collection and bear uponThe accede below shows the revalues of PH recorded over the quintuple trials and indicates the neutralization point at a specific volume of NaOH added(1.0) table shows the data collected during the trialsBelow is the table produced after changing the volume of NaOH to the better measurable unit, too after adding the PH values for each volume added of NaOH then divide them by the number of trials to come turn up with the average PH value.(1.1) table showing the processed data add up PH value0.019313.30.019413.40.019513.50.019613.50.019713.50.019813.50.019913.30.020007.30.020101.70.020201.50.020301.3The graph below shows the graphical relationship betwixt volume of NaOH added in dm3 versus average PH valueAs calculated at the neutralization point which is nearly equalize to 7, the volume of NaOH added is approximately 0.0250 (0.0000450) dm3To calculate the concentration of base, it is approximately desirable to use the equation belowNow substituting the concentration, also volume of the acid (HCl) and the volume added of the base (NaOH), then0.6 Molar remainder and evaluation-Conclusion It is concluded that the concentration of HCl in the lab that all in all the trials occurred in is 0.6 Molar. It is concluded that titration of acid using base must be repeated many times to accomplish more accurate results. paygrade The usage of a digital PH meter whitethorn make the accuracy of the data, as it produces systematic errors. The volume of phenolphthalein may play a role on the volume of HCl in the flask. Concentration of NaOH may non be exactly 0.5 molar as there might be impurities. The PH value as shown from the data collected is changing at a high manner near to the neutralization point and so it is not easy to know the precise concentration of NaOH. Calculating the PH value to indicate the rate of reaction, is not precise, because the PH has a logarithmic function not a linear function, then there volition be a small change in the PH value while there will be big change of H+.Improvements Using a digital instrument to drop exactly 1.0 cm3 in each drop. Using a base with native standard to titrate HCl may be more accurate to indicate the value of it is concentration. Using a pipette with less uncertainty may help in improving the data collected. Using a burette with less uncertainty can determine more accurate results.